Based on existing guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, and related studies, clinical nursing practice guidelines for Polylactation Syndrome were developed to provide reference for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and referral measures of Polylactation Syndrome.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a significant contributor to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among children. Since 1968, when a strain of M. pneumoniae resistant to macrolide antibiotics was initially reported in Japan, Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) has been documented in many countries worldwide, with different incidences. MRMP infection might cause a poor response to macrolide antibiotics, frequently resulting in prolonged fever, longer duration of antibiotic treatment, increased hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and a significantly higher proportion of patients receiving glucocorticoids or second-line antibiotics. Since 2000, the global incidence of MRMP has gradually increased, especially in East Asia, which has posed a serious challenge to the treatment of M. pneumoniae infections in children and attracted widespread attention from pediatricians. But so far, there is still a lack of consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of MRMP in children worldwide. To guide pediatricians in better addressing this issue, we organized 29 Chinese experts majoring in pediatric pulmonology to write the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric MRMP based on evidence collection, hoping to provide scientific guidance for clinical practice.

Bone metastasis is one of the most common complications of malignant tumors. Autopsy shows that 85% of malignant tumors have bone metastasis, and the incidence of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer can reach more than 80%. The survival time of patients with advanced cancer continues to prolong, and the risk of bone metastasis and bone-related events (Skeletal-related events,SREs) increases significantly. Bone metastasis of malignant tumor can lead to a series of bone-related events, such as intractable bone pain, dysfunction, pathological fracture, hypercalcemia and so on. In particular, extensive bone metastasis and intractable bone pain seriously affect the prognosis and quality of life of patients. Early detection of bone metastases is very important for accurate clinical staging, selection of follow-up treatment strategies, reducing the risk of complications and improving the quality of life. With the continuous improvement of diagnostic technology and treatment level of malignant tumors, the basic and clinical research of bone metastasis has made great progress, especially in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of bone metastases. People pay more and more attention to the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumor after metastasis to bone. At present, the common treatment methods of bone metastases are surgery, external radiation therapy, radionuclide therapy, hormone therapy, chemical drug therapy and traditional Chinese medicine therapy and so on. Among them, targeted radionuclide radiotherapy is a rapidly developing method in recent years, which has the advantages of good curative effect, simple method and less side effects. therefore, this method has become a new and effective treatment for bone metastasis and pain caused by tumor. This consensus brings together experts from nuclear medicine, orthopaedics, oncology, anaesthesia and pain, imaging, radiotherapy, mental health and other multidisciplinary experts, focusing on radionuclide therapy and highlighting multidisciplinary MDT comprehensive evaluation and treatment.

In burn patients, especially patients with respiratory tract burns, the clinical diagnosis mostly depends on symptoms, signs and X-ray chest radiograph, and the condition is insidious. Because airway necrotic tissue, secretions cause obstruction and infection, peeling of airway mucosa or airway ulcer cause massive bleeding, it has become one of the main causes of death in burn patients. In recent years, with the wide application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy has also been gradually applied in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory burn patients, and has played a certain role. This consensus will further standardize the clinical application of burn bronchoalveolar lavage in adults.